章节目录
Preface xv Note on Chinese Spellings xix Prologue 1 Chapter 1 The Singularity of China 5 The Era of Chinese Preeminence 8 Confucianism 13 Concepts of International Relations: Impartiality or Equality? 16 Chinese Realpolitik and Sun Tzu's Art of War 22 Chapter 2 The Kowtow Question and the Opium War 33 The Macartney Mission 35 The Clash of Two World Orders: The Opium War 45 Qiying's Diplomacy: Soothing the Barbarians 51 Chapter 3 From Preeminence to Decline 57 Wei Yuan's Blueprint: "Using Barbarians Against Barbarians," Learning Their Techniques 60 The Erosion of Authority: Domestic Upheavals and the Challenge of Foreign Encroachments 64 Managing Decline 69 The Challenge of Japan 77 Korea 80 The Boxer Uprising and the New Era of Warring States 86 Chapter 4 Mao's Continuous Revolution 91 Mao and the Great Harmony 92 Mao and International Relations: The Empty City Stratagem, Chinese Deterrence, and the Quest for Psychological Advantage 97 The Continuous Revolution and the Chinese People 106 Chapter 5 Triangular Diplomacy and the Korean War 113 Acheson and the Lure of Chinese Titoism 118 Kim Il-sung and the Outbreak of War 122 American Intervention: Resisting Aggression 129 Chinese Reactions: Another Approach to Deterrence 133 Sino-American Confrontation 143 Chapter 6 China Confronts Both Superpowers 148 The First Taiwan Strait Crisis 151 Diplomatic Interlude with the United States 158 Mao, Khrushchev, and the Sino-Soviet Split 161 The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 172 Chapter 7 A Decade of Crises 181 The Great Leap Forward 181 The Himalayan Border Dispute and the 1962 Sino-Indian War 184 The Cultural Revolution 192 Was There a Lost Opportunity? 197 Chapter 8 The Road to Reconciliation 202 The Chinese Strategy 203 The American Strategy 213 First Steps-Clashes at the Ussuri River 215 Chapter 9 Resumption of Relations: First Encounters with Mao and Zhou 236 Zhou Enlai 241 Nixon in China: The Meeting with Mao 255 The Nixon-Zhou Dialogue 262 The Shanghai Communiqué 267 The Aftermath 273 Chapter 10 The Quasi-Alliance: Conversations with Mao 275 The "Horizontal Line": Chinese Approaches to Containment 277 The Impact of Watergate 292 Chapter 11 The End of the Mao Era 294 The Succession Crisis 294 The Fall of Zhou Enlai 297 Final Meetings with Mao: The Swallows and the Coming of the Storm 303 Chapter 12 The Indestructible Deng 321 Deng's First Return to Power 322 The Death of Leaders-Hua Guofeng 327 Deng's Ascendance-"Reform and Opening Up" 329 Chapter 13 "Touching the Tiger's Buttocks": The Third Vietnam War 340 Vietnam: Confounder of Great Powers 341 Deng's Foreign Policy-Dialogue with America and Normalization 348 Deng's Journeys 356 Deng's Visit to America and the New Definition of Alliance 360 The Third Vietnam War 367 Chapter 14 Reagan and the Advent of Normalcy 377 Taiwan Arms Sales and the Third Communiqué 381 China and the Superpowers-The New Equilibrium 387 Deng's Reform Program 396 Chapter 15 Tiananmen 405 American Dilemmas 411 The Fang Lizhi Controversy 428 The 12- and 24-Character Statements 437 Chapter 16 What Kind of Reform? Deng's Southern Tour 440 Chapter 17 A Roller Coaster Ride Toward Another Reconciliation: The Jiang Zemin Era 447 China and the Disintegrating Soviet Union 456 The Clinton Administration and China Policy 461 The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 471 China's Resurgence and Jiang's Reflections 478 Chapter 18 The New Millennium 487 Differences in Perspective 493 How to Define Strategic Opportunity 497 The National Destiny Debate-The Triumphalist View 503 Dai Bingguo-A Reaffirmation of Peaceful Rise 508 Epilogue: Does History Repeat Itself? The Crowe Memorandum 514 Toward a Pacific Community? 527 Afterword to the paperback edition 531 Notes 549 Index 585
内容简介
In this sweeping and insightful history, Henry Kissinger turns for the first time at book-length to a country he has known intimately for decades, and whose modern relations with the West he helped shape. Drawing on historical records as well as his conversations with Chinese leaders over the past forty years, Kissinger examines how China has approached diplomacy, strategy, and negotiation throughout its history, and reflects on the consequences for the global balance of power in the 21st century. Since no other country can claim a more powerful link to its ancient past and classical principles, any attempt to understand China's future world role must begin with an appreciation of its long history. For centuries, China rarely encountered other societies of comparable size and sophistication; it was the "Middle Kingdom," treating the peoples on its periphery as vassal states. At the same time, Chinese statesmen-facing threats of invasion from without, and the contests of competing factions within-developed a canon of strategic thought that prized the virtues of subtlety, patience, and indirection over feats of martial prowess. In On China, Kissinger examines key episodes in Chinese foreign policy from the classical era to the present day, with a particular emphasis on the decades since the rise of Mao Zedong. He illuminates the inner workings of Chinese diplomacy during such pivotal events as the initial encounters between China and modern European powers, the formation and breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, the Korean War, Richard Nixon's historic trip to Beijing, and three crises in the Taiwan Straits. Drawing on his extensive personal experience with four generation of Chinese leaders, he brings to life towering figures such as Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping, revealing how their different visions have shaped China's modern destiny. With his singular vantage on U.S.-China relations, Kissinger traces the evolution of this fraught but crucial relationship over the past 60 years, following its dramatic course from estrangement to strategic partnership to economic interdependence, and toward an uncertain future. With a final chapter on the emerging superpower's 21st-century world role, On China provides an intimate historical perspective on Chinese foreign affairs from one of the premier statesmen of the 20th century.
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