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标签:Shklar

  • Men and Citizens

    作者:Judith N. Shklar

    This book, first published in 1969, is widely regarded as one of the best studies of Rousseau's thought in any language. In it, Professor Shklar examines Rousseau's central concern: given that modern civilisation is intolerable and a return to the state of nature impossible, how is man to arrange his existence in society? Shklar organises the study around Rousseau's two conceptions of Utopia: the Spartan city and the autonomous family group. She emphasises the importance for Rousseau of psychological factors and shows how, when mediated through his images of authority and use of metaphor, they bring him to his notorious view that man is 'everywhere in chains'. In Shklar's view, Rousseau's conclusion is almost equally pessimistic: the chances are very remote that we can overcome the psychological obstacles to become both men and citizens.
  • 守法主义

    作者:朱迪丝·N·施克莱 (Judith N.

    《守法主义》(Legalism)一书初版于1964年,再版于1986年。在本书中,施克莱提出法律职业者(包括法官、律师、法律学者)具有共同的意识形态,即守法主义,并系统阐述了守法主义的概念、特征、价值和弱点。 本书的上篇,评析了法与道德的关系。这一领域在传统上是实证法学派和自然法学派进行激烈对抗的战场。在20世纪50年代末,本书写作前夕,两大法学派的代表人物哈特(H. L. A. Hart)和富勒(Lon L. Fuller)还就法与道德的关系问题展开了一场著名的辩论。[1] 而施克莱则指出,两派实际上具有深刻的相似性,都是守法主义的表现。她揭示了两大法学派各自的意识形态根源和局限性,主张不能割裂法与道德的关系,而要把它们看作是一个连续体(continuum)。 本书的下篇,对法与政治的关系进行了探讨。各种传统法律思想,无论是实证法学还是自然法学,都一致认为法应当脱离于政治,并且认为法优越于政治。施克莱对此进行了批判。围绕着政治审判,尤其是第二次世界大战后的纽伦堡审判和东京审判,施克莱展示了守法主义立场的偏狭,指出这些审判无法基于守法主义获得正当性,而只能从自由主义政治的角度加以论证才站得住脚。因此,法“不是凌驾于政治世界之上,而是恰在其中”。