In this title, two renowned political scientists make the contrarian, research-based case that - regardless of any other factors political scientists or historians may find relevant - the calculations and actions of rulers are the driving force of all politics, and the primary goal of rulers is to maintain power as long as possible. In this clever and accessible book, Bueno de Mesquita and Smith introduce us to their perspective of the political world. They bare the logic of politics, starting from the simple premise that leaders pursue their own ends, and that populations either have, or more often don't have, the power to constrain them to a significant degree. The book is organized by a series interconnected questions, among them: Why do leaders who wreck their countries keep their jobs for so long? Why do autocracies have dismal economic policies? How are there so many suffering people in resource-rich lands? Why do 'natural disasters' disproportionately strike poor nations? Why do 'evil-doers' so often collect loads of foreign aid? Why are democracies so good at war? In answering these questions, the authors look at politics, the choices of public policies, and even decisions about war and peace as lying outside of conventional thinking about culture and history. They set aside ideas of civic virtue and psychopathology. Such notions simply are not central to understanding what leaders do and why they do it. Instead, Bueno de Mesquita and Smith see politicians as self-interested louts, just the sort of people you wouldn't want to have over for dinner, but without whom you might not have dinner at all. And from this perspective, they are able to answer some perplexing mysteries of politics, shed light on what we read in the newspapers every single day, and offer realistic ways of improving human governance.

为什么同样一个人可以在一个国家推行善政却在另一个国家施行最残暴的独裁？在这里，与其说制度是答案还不如说是问题本身。为什么比利时的制度越来越民主，而同一时期，同一领导人的刚果，却越来越独裁？难道是因为利奥波德二世只爱本国人或者有种族歧视？但后来刚果自己“选”出来的领导人并没有做得更好，仍然是一个糟糕的独裁者。 在《独裁者手册》这本书里，梅斯奎塔和史密斯研究多年，得出了一个能够相当完美地解释这一政治现象的理论，即：不管是国家、公司还是国际组织，其政治格局不能简单地以“民主”和“独裁”来划分，而必须用民意选民、实际选民、胜利联盟的数字多少来描写。如果胜利联盟的人数很多，那么这个国家就是我们通常所说的民主国家。反过来，如果胜利联盟的人数非常少，那么不管这个国家有没有选举，都是事实上的非民主国家。据此，很容易明白：在刚果，利奥波德二世只需要让少数人高兴就足以维持自己的统治；而在比利时，他必须让很多人满意才行。 不得不提，对任何想理解政治的真正运作方式的人来说，《独裁者手册》都是一本必读的书，无论是政治领域的政治还是商业界的政治，无论是在独裁国家还是在民主国家。

Part horror story, part historical document, part memoir, part political tract, one man's suffering gives eyewitness proof to an ongoing sorrowful chapter of modern history.

汉斯·莫姆森这位德国重要的当代史学家信心十足并很有把握地破译了民主、专制与抵抗相交织的德国历史的核心要素。 目前存在将希特勒独裁统治和德国民众共同体一分为二的浪潮，而汉斯·莫姆森旨在将阿道夫·希特勒的作用纳入当时的历史背景下。同时，突出强调了使纳粹专制及其所启动的武力与恐怖升级成为可能的结构性因素。

《1984》是一部杰出的政治寓言小说，也是一部幻想小说。作品刻画了人类在极权主义社会的生存状态，有若一个永不退色的警示标签，警醒世人提防这种预想中的黑暗成为现实。历经几十年，其生命力益显强大，被誉为20世纪影响最为深远的文学经典之一。