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标签:人物

  • 毛泽东自传

    作者:〔美〕斯诺/笔录,汪衡/译

    建国六十周年献礼 伟人自传首度公开 《毛泽东自传》的最初版本是一部极其珍贵的革命历史文献,是毛泽东于1937年亲自向美国著名记者斯诺口述生平事迹的忠实记录。曾在解放前的“国统区”以单行本形式出版发行,具有很高的史料和珍藏价值。书中记述了毛泽东同志从诞生至革命早期的人生历程和思想脉络。 本次全新出版,经由中共中央文献研究室的专家重新审定和整理,同时收录《毛泽东自传》原始版本及首次在刊物上发表时的珍贵书影,从不同侧面展现毛泽东的人生历程与领袖风范。对于当代读者更深入地了解毛泽东的伟大一生具有重大的思想和研究价值。
  • 2011语录

    作者:新周刊

    《2011语录》分时事·政治;文化·生活;娱乐·体育,具体包括:我们什么东西都想卖给你们——胡锦涛主席访美,美国总统奥巴马说了一句大白话;稳定的三大法宝:麻将、淘宝、“非诚勿扰”等。
  • 卡什肖像经典

    作者:[加] 优素福·卡什

    透过优素福·卡什的双眼,透过他的视角以及他在拍摄伟人肖像时的娴熟技巧,我们得以看到20 世纪全球最著名的人物。
  • 人物

    作者:南都周刊

    他们是走在时代潜力的,感知变革和体制之痛;他们是行业的弄潮儿,推动中国走向商业文明;他们是重大新闻时间的焦点人物,在这里读懂传统与变革中探索的中国。他们有共同的身份:公民。你可以看到犀利而有公共情怀的公民韩寒,可以看到身处体制内而时刻思索中国命运的主持人白岩松,还可以看到在争议的房地产行业孤独开炮的商人任志强。公民意识的推进,很大程度上与这些有独立意识和人格的人有关。
  • “尝”识杯中酒

    作者:[英] 舒斯特

    《“尝”识杯中酒:葡萄酒顶级导师舒斯特品酒教程》被誉为有史以来最有价值的品酒指南!荣获3项国际酒类图书大奖,25年经验凝成9节大师级品酒课,清晰易明,马上开始最权威、最全面的品酒教程吧。 《“尝”识杯中酒:葡萄酒顶级导师舒斯特品酒教程》的作者迈克尔•舒斯特是世界上最棒的葡萄酒导师之一。他所著的这本教程将品酒知识理论讲述与实战技巧传授相结合,前面部分对品酒原理的讲述、对主要葡萄品种的剖析与对相应的酒特性的介绍为后面的9节实战品酒课的讲授打下了扎实的基础,而 9节品酒课则涵盖了所有主流葡萄酒的风格,循序渐进讲解品酒技巧要点,注重实用性。书中并配有词汇表、关键葡萄酒生产国和产区的详细地图等大量补充材料。整本教程对于初学者来说足够清晰易明,而对于有经验的品酒者来说则足够全面。 编辑推荐: ★ 荣获格兰菲迪年度最佳酒类图书奖、安德烈•西蒙年度最佳酒类图书奖、兰森香槟大奖赛年度最佳葡萄酒图书奖 ★ 被誉为有史以来最有价值的品酒指南。《美国饮料行业杂志》《波士顿环球报》《周日独立报》《伦敦晚旗报》联袂推荐 ★ 葡萄酒顶级导师迈克尔•舒斯特25年经验精华之作 ★ 9节实战品酒课涵盖所有葡萄酒知识,循序渐进讲解品酒技巧要点 ★ 设计精美、行文智慧,250幅精美配图结合文字讲解,清晰易明 ★ 配备词汇表、关键葡萄酒产区地图等大量补充材料,资料全面丰富
  • 商道(《环球人物》10周年典藏书系)

    作者:

    马云、王健林、乔布斯、比尔·盖茨、稻盛和夫……商界领袖亲身解说特色经营之道,具有实战价值的商业决胜参考! 潘石屹、梁小民、吴晓波等鼎力推荐! 56位极具影响力顶尖企业精英、商界巨子,汇集于本书,分享他们在当今世界环境下形成的经营思想、他们所践履的“商道”,见证他们足以改变世界的力量。 本书进行深度细致的采访、认真翔实的资料搜集,记录当今商界精英的个性、人生历程和成功经验。这些人物,包括当今中国的马云、宗庆后、王健林、潘石屹、张瑞敏、柳传志、曹德旺、史玉柱、周鸿祎等20位,其他国家的比尔·盖茨、罗杰斯、乔布斯、稻盛和夫、李健熙、曹慰德等37位。一本企业管理者与未来管理者必读好书,可以引导读者进行自我提升、革新观念、领导团队,实现自我升华,取得成功! 《环球人物》10周年典藏书系 本书系重新汇集梳理了《环球人物》创刊以来的精华内容,涉及国内外政治、经济、社会、文化等重要领域,与读者一起重温人文理性光辉与魅力,见证那些改变世界的力量。 《环球人物》10周年典藏书系总目 《国际政要秘闻》 《百年政治家族》 《大国士》 《先生们》 《商道》 《中国经济十年观察》 《蒋氏家族百年秘档》 《另一只眼看国民党》 《影响力:中国领袖风云录》 《影响力:领航中国政治人物》 《中共人物的家国往事》 《商道》 ★马云、王健林、乔布斯、比尔·盖茨、稻盛和夫……商界领袖亲身解说特色经营之道,具有实战价值的商业决胜参考! ★潘石屹、梁小民、吴晓波等鼎力推荐! ★《商道》为“《环球人物》10周年典藏巨献”之一。本书记录了56位极具影响力顶尖企业精英,当今中国的马云、宗庆后、王健林、潘石屹、张瑞敏、柳传志、曹德旺、史玉柱、周鸿祎等20位,其他国家的比尔·盖茨、罗杰斯、乔布斯、稻盛和夫、李健熙、曹慰德等37位。 ★《商道》中辑录的商界巨子,他们践行着自己坚守的商业之道,通过自己的智慧和管理才能,率领自身所在的企业在当今商界取得了举足轻重的地位。 ★《商道》一书,撰稿者通过深度采访、资料搜集,以深入细致的分析,解读了56位国内外企业精英的传奇人生及其企业的成功之道。
  • 画坛师友录

    作者:黄苗子

    美术史家、美术评论家、著名书法家黄苗子先生,将他半个多世纪以来与美术界师友的往来见闻落成文字,论及三十余位艺坛精英,包括齐白石、张大千、徐悲鸿、黄宾虹、傅抱石、潘天寿、朱屺瞻、李可染、张光宇、叶浅子等。作者不拘体例地畅谈画家的生平、言行、艺术创作、生活轶闻,文字雅畅,描画了现代中国艺术化、发展、融合、流变中的鲜活面孔,呈现了盛名与巨制背后学期的艺术灵魂。不亲身经历这一历史时世,充分体验其中况味且深谙艺理人,难以记述得如此生动、精到。   作者在2000年初版基础上进行了大量修订,重写了有关启功先生一篇以为纪念,并增加有关梁白波女士一篇。插图亦做了精心增补,其中各位师友赠与作者的书画,并大量师友信札,均匀首次与读者见面。
  • 鲁豫和她的同学们

    作者:蔡帼芬

  • 世界广告巨擘

    作者:魏炬

    回溯百年广告,从昨日的印刷油墨,到今日的声色光影;从纸上推销术,到科学与艺术之争;从实务、到理论;从销售,到品牌,再到定位……  你也许不知道乔治·葛里宾、威廉·伯恩巴克、李奥·贝纳、大卫·奥格威、罗瑟·瑞夫斯、雷蒙·罗必凯这些广告史上如雷贯耳的名字,但是你一定知道曾经在20世纪60年代象征时代精神如今成绝版经典的大众甲壳虫汽车,一定知道为全世界形象地定义了什么是男子汉的万宝路牛仔,一定知道七十年来施贵宝一直印在它的产品包装上的那行字,还有M&M巧克力的“只溶在口,不溶在手”,高露洁牙膏的“清洁牙齿,清新口气”……也许你言必称“品牌形象”,也许你在现实生活中自觉或不自觉地运用阒“定理理论”……  翻开这部书,你所了解的,你将发现根源;你所疑惑的,你将得到解答。这是一部献给所有热爱广告或者对广告感兴趣的人的书。
  • 绝版的优雅

    作者:司徒佩斯

    滚滚韩流中,《大长今》来,“李英爱旋风”也同时登陆了。多年前,她的气质就让人目眩,美得那么纯粹,像艺术雕塑般,自顾自完美。   2001年,英爱完成电影《春逝》之后,突然息影。两年蛰伏期,她轻轻带过,静思后重整旗鼓,凭《大长今》终于复出。如今,她的美不再澄澈单纯,添了人性,呈现出外在与内心巧妙融合的坚毅之美,散发出成熟迷人的优雅韵味,于是,她成了亚洲最亮丽的风暴。   智慧、美丽、坚韧的英爱就这样一路走来,踏实而稳健。   出众的外表、精湛的演技,再加上氧气般自在的舒畅的优雅气质,《大长今》让大家再度看见了李英爱的美。如今,她的形象已经成为代表,走出了韩国本土,深入整个亚洲观众的心。如果你仅仅为英爱的美貌所吸引,那么当你走近她,会更加为她的内在、为她对生命独特的智慧所折服。   英爱期望自己像奥黛莉·赫本那样成为一个伟大的演员,勇敢地付出,勇敢地面对挑战。这样的一个英爱,也是坠入人间的天使。   拥有太多反而无法成为生命的行李。                 ——李英爱   英爱是拥有清秀外貌的女子,心地像香檀一样散发出无穷魅力,和英爱见面是令人愉快的事情。选择她拍摄《共同警备区JSA》是因为这个角色必须长得像混血儿,又必须演技精湛,还得能说一口流利的英文,韩国只有一个女演员可以做到,那就是英爱。                 ——朴赞郁(韩国著名导演)   与其说是《大长今》给了英爱一次走红的机会,不如说是英爱才使得长今这个过于完美单一的人物呈现出丰富的层次,纯真而又成熟,安静而又热心,知性和感性兼备。                 ——李丙勋(《大长今》导演)
  • 马云管理日志

    作者:金错刀

    本书从马云的创业、创新、管理模式、团队建设、资本管理、品牌建设、业务发展等方面清晰地分析了马云成功的步伐,从中可以看到阿里巴巴的成长历程及赢利模式。本书以“管理日志”的形式,将马云“火星式管理”的原生态语言归纳在12个大主题以下,进行了详实的背景分析以及准确的行动指南。365条管理日志,将马云艰苦创业积聚的睿智思维和领导魅力展现在读者面前,就好像善于提供行动方案的顾问伴随左右,时刻提供着智慧的启迪,激发灵感。 1. 这本书从马云的创业、创新、管理模式、团队建设、资本管理、品牌建设、业务发展等方面清晰地分析了马云成功的步伐。 2. 这本书以“管理日志”的形式,将马云“火星式管理”的原生态语言归纳在12个大主题以下,进行详实的背景分析以及准确的行动指南。 3. 以马云的百万字规模的讲话、语录为基础,回归原点,实证历史,原生态展示 。 4. 全国十大商学院院长联袂推荐! 一月 小虾米的鲨鱼梦 二月 蛊惑者 三月 团队:唐僧式凶猛 四月 黑暗时期的管理 五月 竞争:狼就是狼 六月 资本管理 七月 价值观 八月 创业精神:敢于面对困难 九月 正规军:毛泽东式管理 十月 打破常规 十一月 快品牌 十二月 客户大多时间是错的
  • 20世纪指挥大师

    作者:刘蔚

    音乐爱好者丛书。本书向人们讲述的正是二百多位活跃在20世纪音乐舞台上的指挥家们如何成功的小故事,虽然也可以作为查询这些表演艺术家们资料的便览手册,但更是一套富有营养价值的精神食粮。是以为序,向音乐爱好者作一推荐,相信大师们的故事和他们的艺术一样也会使我们灵魂愉悦。
  • 像普京那样做男人

    作者:林葳

    《像普京那样做男人》内容简介:在登上俄罗斯权力巅峰近三年之后,作为一个政治领袖,作为新时代的一个伟大男人,普京以其突出的政绩和自己的人格魅力赢得了国民的信任与尊重。爱开政治玩笑的俄罗斯人甚至戏言,由于普京的独特魅力,俄罗斯妇女中已经出现了一种“迷恋普京综合症”,并“成为俄罗斯离婚率上升的一个重要因素”。在整个俄罗斯,人们随处都可以看到普京画像、胸像、普京T恤、普京儿童书籍,甚至着色的普京套娃。那么,普京究竟是什么样的人?他的性格究竟有何特点?是什么让他这样“一帆风顺”,难道有天助?他的治国理念核心何在?他有怎样的政绩?他成功的最大资本是什么?做男人的魅力何在。
  • Trump

    作者:Donald J. Trump,Tony

    在线阅读本书 From the Impresario of NBC’s hit show The Apprentice TRUMP ON TRUMP: “I like thinking big. I always have. To me it’s very simple: if you’re going to be thinking anyway, you might as well think big.” And here’s how he does it: the art of the deal. Beginning with a week in Trump’s high-stakes life, Trump: The Art of the Deal gives us Trump in action. We see just how he operates day to day—how he runs his business and how he runs his life—as he chats with friends and family, clashes with enemies, efficiently buys up Atlantic City’s top casinos, changes the face of the New York City skyline . . . and plans the tallest building in the world. TRUMP ON TRUMP: “I play it very loose. I don’t carry a briefcase. I try not to schedule too many meetings. I leave my door open. . . . I prefer to come to work each day and just see what develops.” Even a maverick plays by rules, and here Trump formulates his own eleven guidelines for success. He isolates the common elements in his greatest deals; he shatters myths (“You don’t necessarily need the best location. What you need is the best deal”); he names names, spells out the zeros, and fully reveals the deal-maker’s art: from the abandoned property that became the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center to the seedy hotel that became the Grand Hyatt; from the race to rebuild Central Park’s Wollman Skating Rink to the byzantine saga of the property that became Trump Tower. And throughout, Trump talks— really talks—about how he does it. TRUMP ON TRUMP: “I always go into a deal anticipating the worst. If you plan for the worst—if you can live with the worst—the good will always take care of itself.” Donald Trump is blunt, brash, surprisingly old-fashioned in spots—and always, always an original. Trump: The Art of the Deal is an unguarded look at the mind of a brilliant entrepreneur and an unprecedented education in the art of the deal. It’s the most streetwise business book there is—and a sizzling read for anyone interested in money and success. From the Hardcover edition.
  • 成长1+1

    作者:王可

  • 邓小平的三落三起

    作者:赵晓光,刘杰

    《邓小平的三落三起》告诉你的,不仅仅是邓小平如何“三落三起”,我们想让你知道的是,为什么他能够”三落三起”。因为他政治生涯中著名的"三落三起",西方媒体称他为"打不倒的小个子"。患难可以考验一个人的品格,非常的境遇方能显示一个人的大智大勇。
  • 韩庚

    作者:梅沙

    《韩庚:我在韩国当明星》讲述了关于韩庚的故事。天使般的笑容,华丽的舞姿和永远坚强的身影是上帝赠与韩庚行走人间的礼物。他的笑,让人沦陷。他的舞,绝代芳华,他的坚强,更让人赞叹欣赏。 他说:“我是Super Junior的中国成员。” 他说:“韩庚,在韩国要加油要坚强。” 一路走来,他不再提及最初的伤痛,却依然记得最初的梦想,始终没有忘记是歌迷的爱编织成了他飞翔的翅膀。 韩庚,属于他的舞台依旧宽广。 属于他的道路还有很长。 我们唯有静静的聆听,默默的守候,轻轻的拥抱着这个天使,张开爱的翅膀,振翅翱翔。 韩庚不完全档案 本名:韩庚 韩文名:?? 生日:1984年2月9日 星座:水瓶座 国籍:中国 出生地:中国黑龙江省牡丹江市 身高:181CM 体重:60kg 血型:B型 民族:赫哲族 昵称:庚宝,北京炒饭,中国哥哥,中国boy 鞋子尺寸:42 兴趣&爱好:游泳、听音乐、电脑游戏 特长:中国传统舞蹈、芭蕾 发泄的方式:睡觉 偶像:刘德华 Kangta KTV必唱曲目:《朋友》(周华健) 魅力指标:眼睛 最喜欢的颜色:黑色 喜欢的动物:狗 喜欢的花:玫瑰 喜欢的水果:西瓜 喜欢的数字:4 喜欢的季节:夏 喜欢的韩国料理:烤肉 喜欢的食物:火锅 喜欢的城市:罗马 喜欢的穿着:随意 经典语句:HAJIMA~~ 、我是善良的人! 讨厌的人:骗子 理想型:不爱说话,对父母好的女孩 最喜欢的料理:湖南菜 最喜欢的电影:恐怖电影 性格:内向,不爱说话 初恋时间:19岁 给异性送过几次花:没有这个情调 收过几次异性送的花:都是歌迷 想跟心爱的人做的事:在一起就行 想给心爱的人的礼物:她喜欢的东西 希望从心爱的人那里得到的礼物:什么都行 每天状态最好的时间:晚上 早晨起床第一件事:喝水 睡觉前一定要做的事:喝水 自己的优点:老实 自己的缺点:太实在 睡觉习惯:侧睡,睡着了就什么都不知道得那种……(睡得很死) 多久给家里打一次电话:两天一次 生命中最快乐的时光:毕业汇报 对于钱的想法:钱多了不好,少了也不行 想家的时候怎么办:打电话 多久会上网看歌迷的留言:每天 与人交往会最先注意他的:个性 最喜欢什么样的歌迷:文静的,善良的 最想对歌迷说的话:太棒了,一起努力! 谢谢你们对我支持!我会加倍努力,一起努力。 平均每天睡眠时间:4小时(好辛苦啊!) 座右铭:每天要不断努力 一直带在身上的东西:中韩字典、香水、MP3、PSP 最想拥有什么:属于自己的房子 从来不吃的东西:没有 是不是有耐心的人:不是 在这个世界上最重要的是:家人以及SUPER JUNIOR的成员们~
  • 波士堂

    作者:

    目录 序 高韵斐 .V 王石:男人王石 002 牛根生:我们也是九死一生 024 江南春:用感动完成对自己最后的伤害 044 刘永好:最喜欢吃麻婆豆腐和回锅肉 066 严介和:最优秀的人也是最悲哀的 088 张跃:我会比达•芬奇更强 108 周成建:不走寻常路 ..130 郑永刚:比到最后是天分 152 俞渝:夫妻店不是缺陷 172 徐少春:爱江山也爱美人 194 唐骏:大鱼未必选择大池塘 214 董明珠:公平与和谐是斗争出来的 236 跋 杨晖 257 再跋 曹启泰 263 《波士堂》(BOSS TOWN)是由第一财经呈献、唯众传播制作的中国第一档商业脱口秀节目,节目主张“商道即人道,财经也轻松”。. 每期邀请一位重量级企业家作为主角,同时邀请3位来自财经界、学术界、文化界知名人士组成观察团,构成立体的话语互动体系,从不同角度观察,不同层面展现企业家的个人性情、商业传奇和精彩人生。节目大胆颠覆传统财经节目的表达方式,将轻松、睿智,人性化、平民化的电视表达手段充分融入到节目中,对财经人物进行立体解读,还原人物本色,分享企业精英的个性魅力、商业智慧和人生哲学。观众看到的不是一个乏味的商业机器,而是一个真实生动、充满挑战精神的企业家形象。 节目推出之后,收视屡创新高,频频占据第一财经频道收视排名榜首。首位主持人曹启泰荣膺“最佳创富节目主持人”称号,以及上海电视节“华语节目风采主持”最具知性风范主持人大奖。《波士堂》已成为上海乃至全国最受欢迎最具影响力的创新财经脱口秀节目。媒体称《波士堂》是中国最新锐的财经节目,因为它比传统财经节目更好看,更具挑战精神,因而更富有魅力。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 媒体推荐 《波士堂》节目,我觉得蛮特别。刚开始觉得跟传统的节目不大一样,我算是老江湖了,也感到有点忐忑。但是越往下做呢,越觉得有意思。尤其看了编导在深圳我的办公室拍的片段,非常喜欢。录这个节目非常愉悦,我愿意为大家推荐企业家。 万科集团董事长 王石 《波士堂》这个节目办得比较活跃,有特色、有创新。在这种和谐、风趣的格局下,讲述了人生,讲述了理念,讲述了发展。我觉得办得挺好的。 新希望集团董事长 刘永好 《波士堂》登堂入室,一览无余。我感觉,在这里跟大家一块儿交流,没有任何的遮掩。我看见了大家怎么用目光、用浯言来解剖我。这样的一个过程,对我的灵魂也是一次洗涤。感谢《波士堂》。 北京万通地产股份有限公司董事长 冯仑 这个节目挑战了中国传统商业文明,中国传统强调的是“藏”,但现代商业讲的是“透”,透而不明。商人说“道”大多瞎话,传奇也多是假的。但这个节目却力图呈现商人真实的一面。 国金证券首席经济学家 金岩石 《波士堂》这个节日整体的感觉,可以用“三笑”来形容,笑谈商业,笑看人生,最后希望笑傲江湖。 金蝶国际软件集团有限公司主席 徐少春 《波士堂》,丰富堂!就像洗桑拿一样,它有温情,有热情,也有煽情。 群邑集团大中华区CEO 李倩玲 本色毕露,本像尽显,这个才是一个真实的、能让大家接受的人,才是具有人格魅力的人, 《波士堂》正是让观众感受到了中国企业家的本色。 北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院院长 黄会林 我觉得节目耳目一新,非常具有独创性。财经类节目做得这么轻松好看,我觉得非常感动。 北京大学电视研究中心主任 彭吉象 我们说《波士堂》这个节目之所以好,是因为对于娱乐的本质,对于电视媒介本身的一个特点,它有非常自觉的排列,这就是它的魅力所在。 中国人民大学新闻传播学院副院长 喻国明 这个节目好就好在,它不端着。 社会学者 司马南 这档节目真正的精彩在于它有唯一性和原创胜,它颠覆了传统购经节目的表达方式,可以说创造了一个新品类。它让我们相信,大商业的背后有大文化,而大文化必定靠大人格来支撑。 北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院副院长 于丹
  • The Life of Cesare Borgia

    作者:Sabatini, Rafael

    Birth Like nearly all aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth is a subject of dispute. However, it is accepted that he was born in Rome in 1475 or 1476 to Cardinal Rodrigo de Lanzol y Borja, soon to become Pope Alexander VI, and his mistress Vannozza de' Cattanei, of whom documents are sparse. The Borgia family originally came from Spain and rose in the mid 15th century, when Cesare's great uncle Alonso Borgia (1378-1458), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455. [1] Cesare's father, Pope Alexander VI was the first pope who openly recognized the children he had with his lover Vanozza de' Cattanei. Stefano Infessura writes that Cardinal Borgia falsely claimed Cesare to be the legitimate son of another man, the nominal husband of Vannozza de' Cattanei. More likely Pope Sixtus IV granted Cesare a release from the necessity of proving his birth in a papal bull. [edit] Early life With brown eyes and orange hair, Cesare was acknowledged a beautiful child and grew to be a fleet-footed, tall, handsome man of unlimited ambition, much like his father. Cesare was initially groomed for a career in the church. He was made Bishop of Pamplona at the age of 15. Following school in Perugia and Pisa where Cesare studied law, and his father's elevation to Pope, Cesare was made Cardinal at the age of 18. [2] Alexander VI staked the hopes for the Borgia family on Cesare's brother Giovanni, who was made captain general of the military forces of the papacy. Giovanni was assassinated in 1497 in mysterious circumstances: several contemporaries suggested Cesare being his killer[3], as Giovanni's disappearing could finally open him the long-awaited military career; also jealousy over Sancha of Aragon, wife of Cesare's other brother Jofré, and mistress of both Cesare and Giovanni[4]. Cesare's role in the act, however, has never been clear. On August 17, 1498, Cesare became the first person in history to resign the cardinalate. On the same day the French King Louis XII named Cesare Duke of Valentinois, and this title along with his former position as Cardinal of Valencia explains the nickname "Valentino". [edit] Military career Cesare's career was founded upon his father's ability to distribute patronage, and through his alliance with France (reinforced by his marriage with Charlotte d'Albret, sister of John III of Navarre) in the course of the Italian Wars. Louis XII invaded Italy in 1499: after Gian Giacomo Trivulzio had ousted its duke Ludovico Sforza, Cesare accompanied the king in his entrance in Milan. At this point Alexander decided to profit from the favourable situation and carve out for Cesare a state of his own in northern Italy. To this end, he declared deposed all his vicars in Romagna and Marche. Though in theory subject directly to the pope, these rulers had been practically independent or dependent on other states for generations. Cesare was appointed commander of the papal armies with a number of Italian mercenaries, supported by 300 cavalry and 4,000 Swiss infantry sent by the King of France. His first victim was Caterina Sforza (mother of the Medici condottiero Giovanni dalle Bande Nere), ruler of Imola and Forlì. Deprived of his French troops after the conquest of those two cities, Borgia returned anyway to Rome to celebrate a triumph and to receive the title of Papal Gonfaloniere from his father. In 1500 the creation of twelve new cardinals granted Alexander enough money for Cesare to hire the condottieri Vitellozzo Vitelli, Gian Paolo Baglioni, Giulio and Paolo Orsini and Oliverotto da Fermo, who resumed his campaign in Romagna. Giovanni Sforza, first husband of Cesare's sister Lucrezia, was soon ousted from Pesaro; Pandolfo Malatesta lost Rimini; Faenza surrendered, its young lord Astorre III Manfredi being later drowned in the Tiber river by Cesare's order. In May 1501 the latter was created duke of Romagna. Hired by Florence, Cesare subsequently added the lordship of Piombino to his new lands. While his condottieri took over the siege of Piombino (which ended in 1502), Cesare commanded the French troops in the sieges of Naples and Capua, defended by Prospero and Fabrizio Colonna. On June 24, 1501 his troops stormed the latter, causing the fall of the Aragonese power in southern Italy. In June 1502 he set out for the Marche, where he was able to capture Urbino and Camerino by treason. The next step would be Bologna, but his condottieri, fearing Cesare's cruelty, set up a plot against him. Guidobaldo da Montefeltro and Giovanni Maria da Varano returned in Urbino and Camerino and Fossombrone revolted. Cesare called for a reconciliation, but treacherously imprisoned his condottieri in Senigallia, a feat described as a "Wonderful deceiving" by Paolo Giovio[5], and had them executed. [edit] Last years Though an immensely capable general and statesman, Cesare could do nothing without continued papal patronage. The news of his father's death (1503) arrived when Cesare, though gravely ill, was planning the conquest of Tuscany. While he was convalescent in Castel Sant'Angelo, his troops controlled the conclave. The new pope, Pius III, supported him, but his reign was short: the accession of the Borgias' deadly enemy Julius II caused his sudden ruin. While moving to Romagna to quench a revolt, he was seized and imprisoned by Gian Paolo Baglioni near Perugia. All his lands were acquired by the Papal States. Exiled to Spain, in 1504, he was imprisoned in the Castle of La Mota, Medina del Campo, from where he escaped and joined his brother-in-law, King John III of Navarre. In his service, Cesare died at the siege of Viana in 1507, at the age of thirty-one. [edit] Evaluation Cesare Borgia was greatly admired by Niccolò Machiavelli, who met the Duke on a diplomatic mission in his function as Secretary of the Florentine Chancellery. Machiavelli was at Borgia's court from October 7, 1502 through January 18, 1503. During this time he wrote regular dispatches to his superiors in Florence, many of which have survived and are published in Machiavelli's Collected Works. Machiavelli used many of Borgia's exploits and tactics as examples in The Prince and advised politicians to imitate Borgia. Two episodes were particularly impressive to Machiavelli: the method by which Borgia pacified the Romagna, which Machiavelli describes in chapter VII of The Prince, and Borgia's assassination of his captains on New Year's Eve of 1503 in Senigallia. [6] Machiavelli's praise for Borgia is subject to controversy. Some scholars see in Machiavelli's Borgia the precursor of state crimes in the 20th Century.[7] Others, including Macaulay and Lord Acton have historicized Machiavelli's Borgia, explaining the admiration for such violence as an effect of the general criminality and corruption of the time.[8] In Volume One of Celebrated Crimes, Alexandre Dumas, père states that some pictures of Jesus Christ produced around Borgia's lifetime were based on Cesare Borgia, and that this in turn has influenced images of Jesus produced since that time. Cesare Borgia briefly employed Leonardo da Vinci as military architect and engineer between 1502 and 1503. Cesare and Leonardo become intimate instantaneously - Cesare provided Leonardo with a unlimited pass to inspect and direct all planned and undergoing construction in his domain. Before meeting Cesare, Leonardo had worked at the Milanese court of Ludovico Sforza for many years, until Charles VIII of France drove Sforza out of Italy. After Cesare, Leonardo was unsuccessful in finding another patron and eventually moved to France, where he died. He wanted to take over Mantua while Isabella d'Este was ruling. [edit] Marriage and children On May 10, 1499, Cesare married Charlotte d'Albret (1480 - March 11, 1514). She was a sister of John III of Navarre. They were parents to a daughter, Louise Borgia, (1500 - 1553) who first married first Louis II de La Tremouille, Governor of Burgundy, and secondly Philippe de Bourbon, Seigneur de Busset. Cesare was also father to at least eleven illegitimate children, among them Girolamo Borgia, who married Isabella Contessa di Carpi, and Lucrezia Borgia, who, after Cesare's death, was moved to Ferrara to the court of her aunt, Lucrezia Borgia.