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标签:physics

  • 量子力学概论

    作者:David J. Griffiths

    《量子力学概论》(英文版)(原书第2版)的特点有:1、内容合适,包含了大学量子力学最主要的内容,直接从Schrodinger方程开始。叙述非常“物理”,强调实验基础和基本概念,改变了量子力学难于理解、难于接受的教学状况。2、内容现代,在科学研究中的关的部分,在物理学各个分支中常用的部分既有精辟的叙述,又有实际举例。而与原子物理、近代物理中相关的部分,由于在低年级已有讨论,基本上不再重复。3、习题分为容易、中等和较难三个层次,可供不同基础的学生选择,且配有大量的思考性习题。根据国内的教学实际,本影印版删去了原书的第12章(后记)和附录。
  • 高等量子力学(第二版)

    作者:喀兴林

    高等量子力学课程是物理类各专业研究生的一门基础课。本书第一版就是作者在讲授此课程近20年所用讲义基础上增改而成的。本第二版式在原第一版的基础上修订而成的,此次修订主要增加了量子力学理论在一些具体问题中的典型应用技巧,加强了帮助读者提高应用能力的内容。全书分八章:希尔伯特空间、量子力学的理论结构、狄拉克方程、对称性理论、角动量理论、散射理论、二次量子化以及辐射的量子理论,内容充实新颖,理论结构和逻辑关系完整严密,并广泛采用算符代数方法。本书以基本原理为出发点进行严谨的阐述,概念定义准确,分析透彻,数学推演脉络清楚;同时注重理解能力、分析能力的训练和培养。本书是一本易读且又能引导读者进入较深层次的量子力学教材。 本书可作为高等学校物理类各专业,特别是理论物理专业研究生的教材,亦可供物理教师参考以及研究人员案头查阅。
  • 经典力学

    作者:Herbert Goldstein

    《经典力学(第3版·影印版)》是一本有着很高知名度的经典力学教材,长期以来被世界上多所大学选用。本影印版是2002年出版的第3版。与前两版相比,第3版在保留基本经典力学内容的基础上,做了不少调整。例如,增加了混沌一章;引入了一些对新研究问题的方法的讨论,例如张量、群论的等;对于第二版中的一些内容做了适当的压缩和调整。 全书共13章,可作为为物理类专业经典力学课程的教材,尤其适合开展双语教学的学校,对于有志出国深造的人员也是一本必不可少的参考书。
  • 新概念物理教程.力学

    作者:赵凯华,罗蔚茵

    《力学》是教育部“面向21世纪教学内容和课程体系改革计划”的研究成果。以《力学》(第一版)为基础的教学改革项目《新概念力学《1977年获国家级教学成果奖一等奖,1998年获国家教育委员会科学技术进步奖一等奖。《力学》在结构上有较大的变化,在内容上也有较大的更新。《力学》在用现代观点审视教学内容、向当代前沿开设窗口和接口、培养物理直觉能力等方面作了一些改革。《力学》共分质点运动学,动量守恒、质点动力学,机械能守恒,角动量守恒对体力学,连续体力学,振动和波,万有引力,相对论等八章和三个数学附录。《力学》可作为高等学校物理类专业的教材或参考书,特别适合物理学基础人材培养基地选用。对于其他理工科专业,《力学》也是教师备课时很好的参考书和优秀学生的辅助读物。
  • Quantum Mechanics

    作者:Claude Cohen-Tannoud

    在线阅读本书 Beginning students of quantum mechanics frequently experience difficulties separating essential underlying principles from the specific examples to which these principles have been historically applied. Nobel–Prize–winner Claude Cohen–Tannoudji and his colleagues have written this book to eliminate precisely these difficulties. Fourteen chapters provide a clarity of organization, careful attention to pedagogical details, and a wealth of topics and examples which make this work a textbook as well as a timeless reference, allowing to tailor courses to meet students′ specific needs. Each chapter starts with a clear exposition of the problem which is then treated, and logically develops the physical and mathematical concept. These chapters emphasize the underlying principles of the material, undiluted by extensive references to applications and practical examples which are put into complementary sections. The book begins with a qualitative introduction to quantum mechanical ideas using simple optical analogies and continues with a systematic and thorough presentation of the mathematical tools and postulates of quantum mechanics as well as a discussion of their physical content. Applications follow, starting with the simplest ones like e.g. the harmonic oscillator, and becoming gradually more complicated (the hydrogen atom, approximation methods, etc.). The complementary sections each expand this basic knowledge, supplying a wide range of applications and related topics as well as detailed expositions of a large number of special problems and more advanced topics, integrated as an essential portion of the text.
  • 溯源探幽:熵的世界

    作者:冯端,冯少彤

    《溯源探幽:熵的世界》着重论述熵的基本概念,分别从热力学、统计物理、分子动理论、信息论、非线性动力学、天体物理和宇宙论等不同侧面、不同层次来剖析其蕴含的意义。同时,在宽广的范围内讨论了熵在现代自然科学与技术中的应用,阐明了它所处的地位。《溯源探幽:熵的世界》内容丰富、取材新颖、文笔生动、通俗易懂,可供高等院校学生、中学教师、科技工作者以及科学爱好者阅读。
  • 物理之美

    作者:理查•費曼

    本書是知名的科學頑童、諾貝爾獎得主理查.費曼,對康乃爾大學學生的演說集,透過趣味橫溢的演說內容、豐富的肢體語言,他將物理定律做更生動、更普及的詮釋,讓學生對物理定律有更清楚的了解。書中,他以說故事的方式來串接每個定律,並深入淺出地敘述每個物理定律的歷史、發現經過、特徵及作用。
  • 量子力学原理

    作者:山卡(R. Shankar)

    《量子力学原理(第2版)》主要内容:Review: `An excellent text....The postulates of quantum mechanics and the mathematical underpinnings are discussed in a clear, succint manner.' - American Scientist, from a review of the First Edition Book Description Reviews from the First Edition:"An excellent text … The postulates of quantum mechanics and the mathematical underpinnings are discussed in a clear, succinct manner." (American Scientist) "No matter how gently one introduces students to the concept of Dirac's bras and kets, many are turned off. Shankar attacks the problem head-on in the first chapter, and in a very informal style suggests that there is nothing to be frightened of." (Physics Bulletin) "This massive text of 700 and odd pages has indeed an excellent get-up, is very verbal and expressive, and has extensively worked out calculational details——-all just right for a first course. The style is conversational, more like a corridor talk or lecture notes, though arranged as a text. … It would be particularly useful to beginning students and those in allied areas like quantum chemistry." (Mathematical Reviews) R. Shankar has introduced major additions and updated key presentations in this second edition of Principles of Quantum Mechanics. New features of this innovative text include an entirely rewritten mathematical introduction, a discussion of Time-reversal invariance, and extensive coverage of a variety of path integrals and their applications. Additional highlights include: - Clear, accessible treatment of underlying mathematics - A review of Newtonian, Lagrangian, and Hamiltonian mechanics - Student understanding of quantum theory is enhanced by separate treatment of mathematical theorems and physical postulates - Unsurpassed coverage of path integrals and their relevance in contemporary physics The requisite text for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition is fully referenced and is supported by many exercises and solutions. The book's self-contained chapters also make it suitable for independent study as well as for courses in applied disciplines.
  • Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

    作者:David J. Griffiths

    For one-semester/-year, junior-/senior-level courses in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Chemistry. This text first teaches students how to do quantum mechanics, and then provides them with a more insightful discussion of what it means. Fundamental principles are covered, quantum theory presented, and special techniques developed for attacking realistic problems. Two-part coverage organizes topics under basic theory, and assembles an arsenal of approximation schemes with illustrative applications.
  • A First Course in General Relativity

    作者:Bernard Schutz

    Clarity, readability, and rigor combine in the second edition of this widely used textbook to provide the first step into general relativity for undergraduate students with a minimal background in mathematics. Topics within relativity that fascinate astrophysical researchers and students alike are covered with Schutz’s characteristic ease and authority – from black holes to gravitational lenses, from pulsars to the study of the Universe as a whole. This edition now contains recent discoveries by astronomers that require general relativity for their explanation; a revised chapter on relativistic stars, including new information on pulsars; an entirely rewritten chapter on cosmology; and an extended, comprehensive treatment of modern gravitational wave detectors and expected sources.
  • The Theoretical Minimum

    作者:Leonard Susskind,Geo

    A world-class physicist and a citizen scientist combine forces to teach Physics 101--the DIY way "The Theoretical Minimum" is a book for anyone who has ever regretted not taking physics in college--or who simply wants to know how to think like a physicist. In this unconventional introduction, physicist Leonard Susskind and hacker-scientist George Hrabovsky offer a first course in physics and associated math for the ardent amateur. Unlike most popular physics books--which give readers a taste of what physicists know but shy away from equations or math--Susskind and Hrabovsky actually teach the skills you need to do physics, beginning with classical mechanics, yourself. Based on Susskind's enormously popular Stanford University-based (and YouTube-featured) continuing-education course, the authors cover the minimum--the theoretical minimum of the title--that readers need to master to study more advanced topics. An alternative to the conventional go-to-college method, "The Theoretical Minimum" provides a tool kit for amateur scientists to learn physics at their own pace.
  • 物理世界奇遇记

    作者:[美] G. 伽莫夫,[英] R. 斯坦

    《物理世界奇遇记》内容简介:20世纪在科学发展史上是一个辉煌的世纪,以物理学和生物学的创新性成果为标志的科学成就,极大地改变了世界的面貌,改变了人类的认知水平、生产方式和生活方式。20世纪也是科学史上的一个英雄世纪,一大批别具一格的科学大师风云际会,相继登场,使科学的舞台展现出前所未有的绚丽风采。20世纪发生了两次世界大战,二战催生的原子弹,使社会公众了解了科学的巨大威力,也促使人类认真地审视科学,了解到科学必须要与人类的良知,与人文精神结合在一起,只有合理地利用,才能造福于人类,才能有利于和平,有利于人类社会的可持续发展。进入20世纪80年代,人类更进一步认识到必须携起手来保护生态,控制环境污染,探索可持续发展的道路。可持续发展理念的形成,是20世纪阶级社会发展观进步的一个重大的事件。 回顾20世纪科学走过的道路,从突飞猛进的科学创造,到科学与人文伦理的深度撞击,形成与人文精神交融并进的局面,最终在人类文明史上留下了不同寻常的篇章。 20世纪诞生的科学和思想大师所取得的非凡的科学成就、创造的充足科学和思想养分,孕育了一批优秀的科普作品,为公众提供了丰富的精神食粮。人们可以跟着爱因斯坦、薛定谔、伽莫夫、沃森、温伯格、霍金等等科学大师的生花妙笔去领略科学创造的历程、登攀一个个科学顶峰的征程和科学高峰的神奇景观;可以跟着卡逊在寂静的春天里思考知更鸟的命运;可以跟着萨根去观察宇宙和生命……。今天这些科学大师和思想大师大部分都已离开了我们,但那些优秀科普作品是他们留给后代的不朽的精神财富。 20世纪已经过去,21世纪已经肯定是一个全球化、知识化的世纪,也是科技国际化、网络化的一个时代。可持续发展依然是人类唯一的发展道路, 自然科学、社会科学、人文精神将交叉融合,世界的文化环境会发生很大的变化,东西方文化将会在激荡过程中进一步融合升华,创造出具有国际化,又有民族特色的新文化。在未来15年,中国要基本完成向一个创新型国家过渡。建立创新体系、创新机制配套的基础是要大幅度提高国民的文化教育水平和科学素质,把我国庞大的人口负担真正转化为无可比拟的创新人力资源。 在中国这样一个大国传播普及科技知识、科学精神是一个宏大的系统工程,需要政府组织倡导和社会各界的积极努力。中国科学院也承担着光荣而艰巨的任务,我们有义务整合全院资源努力把科普工作做大、做好,为国家和社会发挥更大的作用。科学出版社是科普图书出版的一支战略方面军,应该大有作为。《20世纪科普经典特藏》把原汁原味的经典科普大餐奉献给新时代读者,辅之以中文点评是一个很好的尝试。希望这些经典著作能给读者以启发,开拓读者的科学视野,更希望这些经典著作能起到示范的作用,推进我们自己的原创科普和科学文化作品的创作和出版。
  • 广义相对论引论(第二版)

    作者:俞允强

    内 容 提 要 本书是学习广义相对论的入门书。书中简明扼要地讲述了广义相对论的 基本理论,并侧重地介绍了广义相对论近期的发展。 本书共分八章,内容包括仿射空间中的张量分析、黎曼几何、相对论性的 引力理论、观测量的理论、球对称的引力场、粒子在球对称场中的运动、黑洞 和宇宙学。 本书可作为各类大学物理系、天文系高年级学生和研究生的教科书,也 可供对广义相对论有兴趣的读者和有关专业的研究人员参考。
  • Our Mathematical Universe

    作者:Max Tegmark

    Max Tegmark leads us on an astonishing journey through past, present and future, and through the physics, astronomy and mathematics that are the foundation of his work, most particularly his hypothesis that our physical reality is a mathematical structure and his theory of the ultimate multiverse. In a dazzling combination of both popular and groundbreaking science, he not only helps us grasp his often mind-boggling theories, but he also shares with us some of the often surprising triumphs and disappointments that have shaped his life as a scientist. Fascinating from first to last—this is a book that has already prompted the attention and admiration of some of the most prominent scientists and mathematicians. “Tegmark offers a fascinating exploration of multiverse theories, each one offering new ways to explain ‘quantum weirdness’ and other mysteries that have plagued physicists, culminating in the idea that our physical world is ‘a giant mathematical object’ shaped by geometry and symmetry. Tegmark’s writing is lucid, enthusiastic, and outright entertaining, a thoroughly accessible discussion leavened with anecdotes and the pure joy of a scientist at work.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) “Lively and lucid, the narrative invites general readers into debates over computer models for brain function, over scientific explanations of consciousness, and over prospects for finding advanced life in other galaxies. Though he reflects soberly on the perils of nuclear war and of hostile artificial intelligence, Tegmark concludes with a bracingly upbeat call for scientifically minded activists who recognize a rare opportunity to make our special planet a force for cosmic progress. An exhilarating adventure for bold readers.” —Bryce Cristensen, Booklist (starred review) “Our Mathematical Universe boldly confronts one of the deepest questions at the fertile interface of physics and philosophy: why is mathematics so spectacularly successful at describing the cosmos? Through lively writing and wonderfully accessible explanations, Max Tegmark—one of the world’s leading theoretical physicists—guides the reader to a possible answer, and reveals how, if it’s right, our understanding of reality itself would be radically altered.” —Brian Greene, physicist, author of The Elegant Universe and The Hidden Reality “Daring, Radical. Innovative. A game changer. If Dr. Tegmark is correct, this represents a paradigm shift in the relationship between physics and mathematics, forcing us to rewrite our textbooks. A must read for anyone deeply concerned about our universe.” —Michio Kaku, author of Physics of the Future “Tegmark offers a fresh and fascinating perspective on the fabric of physical reality and life itself. He helps us see ourselves in a cosmic context that highlights the grand opportunities for the future of life in our universe.” —Ray Kurzweil, author of The Singularity is Near “Readers of varied backgrounds will enjoy this book. Almost anyone will find something to learn here, much to ponder, and perhaps something to disagree with.” —Prof. Edward Witten, physicist, Fields Medalist & Milner Laureate “This inspirational book written by a true expert presents an explosive mixture of physics, mathematics and philosophy which may alter your views on reality.” —Prof. Andrei Linde, physicist, Gruber & Milner Laureate for development of inflationary cosmology “Galileo famously said that the universe is written in the language of mathematics. Now Max Tegmark says that the universe IS mathematics. You don’t have to necessarily agree, to enjoy this fascinating journey into the nature of reality.” —Prof. Mario Livio, astrophysicist, author of Brilliant Blunders and Is God a Mathematician? “Scientists and lay aficionados alike will find Tegmark’s book packed with information and very thought provoking. You may recoil from his thesis, but nearly every page will make you wish you could debate the issues face-to-face with him.” —Prof. Julian Barbour, physicist, author of The End of Time “In Our Mathematical Universe, renowned cosmologist Max Tegmark takes us on a whirlwind tour of the universe, past, present—and other. With lucid language and clear examples, Tegmark provides us with the master measure of not only of our cosmos, but of all possible universes. The universe may be lonely, but it is not alone.” —Prof. Seth Lloyd, Professor of quantum mechanical engineering, MIT, author of Programming the Universe “A lucid, engaging account of the various many-universes theories of fundamental physics that are currently being considered, from the multiverse of quantum theory to Tegmark’s own grand vision.” —Prof. David Deutsch, physicist, Dirac Laureate for pioneering quantum computing
  • Geometry, Topology and Physics, Second Edition

    作者:Mikio Nakahara

    Differential geometry and topology have become essential tools for many theoretical physicists. In particular, they are indispensable in theoretical studies of condensed matter physics, gravity, and particle physics."Geometry, Topology and Physics, Second Edition" introduces the ideas and techniques of differential geometry and topology at a level suitable for postgraduate students and researchers in these fields. The second edition of this popular and established text incorporates a number of changes designed to meet the needs of the reader and reflect the development of the subject. The book features a considerably expanded first chapter, reviewing aspects of path integral quantization and gauge theories. Chapter 2 introduces the mathematical concepts of maps, vector spaces, and topology. The following chapters focus on more elaborate concepts in geometry and topology and discuss the application of these concepts to liquid crystals, superfluid helium, general relativity, and bosonic string theory. Later chapters unify geometry and topology, exploring fiber bundles, characteristic classes, and index theorems.New to this second edition is the proof of the index theorem in terms of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The final two chapters are devoted to the most fascinating applications of geometry and topology in contemporary physics, namely the study of anomalies in gauge field theories and the analysis of Polakov's bosonic string theory from the geometrical point of view. "Geometry, Topology and Physics, Second Edition" is an ideal introduction to differential geometry and topology for postgraduate students and researchers in theoretical and mathematical physics.
  • 微分几何入门与广义相对论(上册·第二版)

    作者:梁灿彬,周彬

    《微分几何入门与广义相对论(上)》共10章。前5章讲授微分几何入门知识,第6章以此为工具剖析狭义相对论,第7~10章介绍广义相对论的基本内容。《微分几何入门与广义相对论(上)》强调低起点(大学物理系本科2~3年级水平),力求化难为易,深入浅出,为降低难度采取了多种措施。 《微分几何入门与广义相对论(上)》适用于物理系高年级本科生、研究生和物理工作者,特别是相对论研究者。不关心相对论而想学习近代微分几何的读者也可把《微分几何入门与广义相对论(上)》前5章作为入门阶梯。
  • 爱因斯坦奇迹年

    作者:约翰·施塔赫尔

    爱因斯坦是人类历史上最伟大的物理学家之一。1905年,他26岁,大学毕业已经5年,在瑞士专利局工作。当时他已结婚,有一个男孩,家累不轻。然而,他却利用业余时间,在一年之中发表了5篇划时代的物理学论文,创造了科学史上的一大奇迹。 本书由美国波士顿大学爱因斯坦研究中心主任施塔赫尔主编并详撰导言。书中汇编了上述5篇经典性论文,包括爱因斯坦的博士论文,论布朗运动的论文,两篇奠定狭义相对论的论文,以及关于量子假说的论文,并对每篇论文作出背景说明、加上编者注,卷首则冠以当代数学、理论物理学名家罗杰?彭罗斯撰写的序言。因此,本书对于了解爱因斯坦在20世纪初的原始思想及其如何改变物理学的面貌,不仅有很高的文献价值,而且还有更为深刻的启迪作用。
  • 相对论的意义

    作者:[美] 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦

    收录《相对论前物理学中的空间与时间》、《狭义相对论》、《广义相对论》、《广义相对论(续)》四篇爱因斯坦在访问普林斯顿大学时的讲演稿,构成了爱因斯坦对当时尚有争议的相对论的概述。
  • Quantum Field Theory

    作者:Mark Srednicki

    Quantum field theory is the basic mathematical framework that is used to describe elementary particles. This textbook provides a complete and essential introduction to the subject. Assuming only an undergraduate knowledge of quantum mechanics and special relativity, this book is ideal for graduate students beginning the study of elementary particles. The step-by-step presentation begins with basic concepts illustrated by simple examples, and proceeds through historically important results to thorough treatments of modern topics such as the renormalization group, spinor-helicity methods for quark and gluon scattering, magnetic monopoles, instantons, supersymmetry, and the unification of forces. The book is written in a modular format, with each chapter as self-contained as possible, and with the necessary prerequisite material clearly identified. It is based on a year-long course given by the author and contains extensive problems, with password protected solutions available to lecturers at www.cambridge.org/9780521864497.
  • Physics of the Impossible

    作者:Michio Kaku

    A fascinating exploration of the science of the impossible—from death rays and force fields to invisibility cloaks—revealing to what extent such technologies might be achievable decades or millennia into the future. One hundred years ago, scientists would have said that lasers, televisions, and the atomic bomb were beyond the realm of physical possibility. In Physics of the Impossible , the renowned physicist Michio Kaku explores to what extent the technologies and devices of science fiction that are deemed equally impossible today might well become commonplace in the future. From teleportation to telekinesis, Kaku uses the world of science fiction to explore the fundamentals—and the limits—of the laws of physics as we know them today. He ranks the impossible technologies by categories—Class I, II, and III, depending on when they might be achieved, within the next century, millennia, or perhaps never. In a compelling and thought-provoking narrative, he explains: · How the science of optics and electromagnetism may one day enable us to bend light around an object, like a stream flowing around a boulder, making the object invisible to observers “downstream” · How ramjet rockets, laser sails, antimatter engines, and nanorockets may one day take us to the nearby stars · How telepathy and psychokinesis, once considered pseudoscience, may one day be possible using advances in MRI, computers, superconductivity, and nanotechnology · Why a time machine is apparently consistent with the known laws of quantum physics, although it would take an unbelievably advanced civilization to actually build one Kaku uses his discussion of each technology as a jumping-off point to explain the science behind it. An extraordinary scientific adventure, Physics of the Impossible takes readers on an unforgettable, mesmerizing journey into the world of science that both enlightens and entertains.