是霍克海默的论文集，集中体现了法兰克福学派的理论——批判理论的内涵。

"Dialectic of Enlightenment" is undoubtedly the most influential publication of the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory. Written during the Second World War and circulated privately, it appeared in a printed edition in Amsterdam in 1947. "What we had set out to do," the authors write in the Preface, "was nothing less than to explain why humanity, instead of entering a truly human state, is sinking into a new kind of barbarism." Yet the work goes far beyond a mere critique of contemporary events. Historically remote developments, indeed, the birth of Western history and of subjectivity itself out of the struggle against natural forces, as represented in myths, are connected in a wide arch to the most threatening experiences of the present. The book consists in five chapters, at first glance unconnected, together with a number of shorter notes. The various analyses concern such phenomena as the detachment of science from practical life, formalized morality, the manipulative nature of entertainment culture, and a paranoid behavioral structure, expressed in aggressive anti-Semitism, that marks the limits of enlightenment. The authors perceive a common element in these phenomena, the tendency toward self-destruction of the guiding criteria inherent in enlightenment thought from the beginning. Using historical analyses to elucidate the present, they show, against the background of a prehistory of subjectivity, why the National Socialist terror was not an aberration of modern history but was rooted deeply in the fundamental characteristics of Western civilization. Adorno and Horkheimer see the self-destruction of Western reason as grounded in a historical and fateful dialectic between the domination of external nature and society. They trace enlightenment, which split these spheres apart, back to its mythical roots. Enlightenment and myth, therefore, are not irreconcilable opposites, but dialectically mediated qualities of both real and intellectual life. "Myth is already enlightenment, and enlightenment reverts to mythology." This paradox is the fundamental thesis of the book. This new translation, based on the text in the complete edition of the works of Max Horkheimer, contains textual variants, commentary upon them, and an editorial discussion of the position of this work in the development of Critical Theory.

作为著名的德国哲学家、法兰克福学派的倡导者，霍克海默所提出的“批判理论”在德国思想界具有举足轻重的地位。本书即是他的代表作之一。正如作者自己所说，本书探讨的是这样一个主题，即文化进步走向其对立面的各种趋势。本书正是通过对20世纪30和40年代美国社会现象的描述，试图着揭示这一主题。

作为著名的德国哲学家、法兰克福学派的倡导者，霍克海默所提出的“批判理论”在德国思想界具有举足轻重的地位。本书即是他的代表作之一。正如作者自己所说，本书探讨的是这样一个主题，即文化进步走向其对立面的各种趋势。本书正是通过对20世纪30和40年代美国社会现象的描述，试图着揭示这一主题。

世纪之交，人文学术的发展历程需要回顾和检审。这是前进中的社会主义文化事业的需要，而国内学界在马克思主义指导下研究当代西学所获得的相当程度积累则使这种回顾和检审成为可能。于是，我们组织学界人上翻译、编选《20世纪外国文化名人书库》。 “文化名人”，仅是一个因俗的称法，人物之入选以学术价值为重，至于每种人物专集之选文，都旨在真实反映该人物的思想特征和学术见解的原貌，供读者面对其人其文，分析、研究、借鉴、批评。